The Illusion of Neutralism: The Indigenous Third Force and the Filipino Republic from the Late 1940s to the 1950s

Abstract It often has been an illusion that Filipinos lack indigeneity due to the ties with United States since 1898. Lost in these mists were indigenous agendas lay underneath official narratives. The article presents a background and then examines administration of Elpidio Quirino, president Philippines from 1948 1953, particularly his neutralist Pacific Pact initiative failed use military force against Huks. concludes discussion rise Ramón Magsaysay. Magsaysay, Philippine 1953 1957, beginning as defense secretary, support States, Magsaysay myth, counterinsurgency campaign Huks, election president, international leadership, legacies after death. study will show how top-down policies Quirino reliant on gave way unifying, reformist, inclusive, inspirational leadership which became kind third apart oligarchy Communists.